Perioperative Care
Andrew J. Donnelly
Julie A. Golembiewski
The operating room (OR) is one of the most medication-intensive settings in a hospital. During the perioperative period (broadly defined as the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods), a patient may receive many medications. Most of these medications are used primarily in the OR setting and have limited application elsewhere in the institution. For other medications, their use in the OR may differ from that seen in other patient care areas. The OR is unique in that a significant number of the medications are administered as single doses by the anesthesia care provider (e.g., physician, nurse anesthetist). To ensure continuity of care of the surgical patient, health care providers from all settings (e.g., acute care, home health care, extended care) should have a basic understanding of perioperative drug therapy.
This chapter reviews seven major classes of medications used during the perioperative period: preoperative medications, intravenous (IV) anesthetic agents, volatile inhalation agents, neuromuscular blocking agents, local anesthetics, antiemetic agents, and analgesic agents. The clinical use of cardioplegia solution is also presented. The chapter concludes with a presentation of economic considerations associated with the use of anesthesia-related medications.
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